Low iodine levels can lead to:

• metabolism disruption
• enlargement of the thyroid gland
• various complications

It can also:

• raise energy levels
• boost brain function

However, too much iodine can also lead to thyroid problems, according to research. This can happen if people use supplements or consume too much kelp.

Kelp also containsTrusted Source the following vitamins and minerals:

• Vitamin K1: 55 percent of the daily value (DV)
• Folate: 45 percent of the DV
• Magnesium: 29 percent of the DV
• Iron: 16 percent of the DV
• Vitamin A: 13 percent of the DV
• Pantothenic acid: 13 percent of the DV
• Calcium: 13 percent of the DV

These vitamins and nutrients have health benefits. For example, vitamin K and calcium play a key role in bone health, and folate is essential for cell division.

Inflammation and stress are considered risk factors of many chronic diseases. Including antioxidant-rich food in the diet may help prevent them. Kelp is high in antioxidants, including carotenoids and flavonoids, which help fight against disease-causing free radicals.

Antioxidant minerals, such as manganese and zinc, help combat oxidative stress and may help protect cardiovascular health and prevent cancer.

Recent studies have explored the role of sea vegetables in estrogen-related and colon cancers, osteoarthritis, and other conditions. Results suggest that kelp may help slow the spread of colon and breast cancers. Studies on isolated cells indicate that a compound found in kelp called fucoidan may also help prevent the spread of lung cancer and prostate cancer.

However, there’s no strong evidence that kelp can help reduce the risk of cancer in people. Kelp is low in fat and calories. It also contains a natural fiber called alginate. Studies suggest that alginate may help stop the gut from absorbing fat.

A study published in the journal “Food Chemistry” found that alginate could help block lipase — an enzyme that digests fat — by up to 72 percent. Food manufacturers use alginates as thickening agents in weight loss products, beverages, and ice cream.

Kelp may also have potential for diabetes and obesity, although research is still preliminary.

A study published in the journal “Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism” found that a carotenoid compound in the chloroplasts of brown seaweed called fucoxanthin may promote weight loss in people with obesity when combined with pomegranate oil.

Studies also suggest that brown seaweed may influence glycemic management and reduce blood glucose levels. This could benefit people with type 2 diabetes.